Narration

Direct Speech = किसी के द्वारा कहीं गई बात को ज्यों का त्यों बता देना|

Ex. She said,"I am writing a letter."

Indirect Speech = किसी के द्वारा कहीं गई बात को अपने शब्दों में बताना|

Ex. She said that she was writing a letter.

She said,"I am writing a letter."

Here - 

• Reporting speech = She said

• Reporting verb = said

• Reported speech = I am writing a letter.

Rules :-

• If reporting verb is in past tense so tense and verb will change.

• Remove quotation mark (" ") and use that in the place of quotation mark.

• First person (I / We) will change according to subject.

• Second person (you) will change according to object.

• Third person (He/She/Ram/Riya) will never change.  

Reporting verb 

• Direct speech → Indirect speech 

• Said →  Said

• Said to →  Told

• Say →  Say

• Say to →  Tell

• Says to →  Tells

• Will say →  Will say

• Will says to →  Will tells

A) In Interrogative Sentences 

• Say →  Ask/enquire/want to know 

• Said to →  Asked/enquired 

• " " →  If / Whether (If reported speech starts with Helping Verb)

Direct: I said to her,"Have you brought my book?"

Indirect: I asked her if she had brought my book.

• If reported speech starts with W.H Question type, So, only remove " " and write reported speech same but remember sentence, Question पैटर्न में नहीं होगा।

B) Imperative Sentences 

• Say →  Order/Advise/Command/Request

• ," " →  To (for affirmative sentence) Or Not to (for negative sentence)

C) Imperative Negative Sentence 

• Say/Said →  Forbid/Prohibit 

• ," " →  To 

D) Optative Sentences 

• Said to →  Wished (for wishes)/ Cursed (for curse)/ Prayed (for pray to god and remove object)

• ," " →  that 

Note: Wishes like Good morning, Good night, bye के लिए conjunction (that) use नहीं किया जाता है।

E) Exclamatory Sentences 

• Hurrah! →  Exclaimed with joy

• Wow! →  Exclaimed with wonder

• Alas! →  Exclaimed with sorrow 

• Bravo! →  Applauded+object+saying 

• What/How →  Great/Very

• ," " →  that

F) Let us Sentences 

• Said to →  Suggested to/Proposed to 

• ," " →  that

• Subject/object = First person →  We

• Subject/object = Third person →  They

• Format: We/They+should+verb+object 

Ex. Simple Sentences

1. He said,"I am not sure."

Ans: He said that he was not sure.

2. She said,"I was writing a letter."

Ans: She said that she had been writing a letter.

3. Ram says to me,"you have done your work."

Ans: Ram tells me that I had done my work.

4. She said,"I work in a hospital."

Ans: She said that she worked in a hospital.

5. She says,"He does not work hard."

Ans: She says that he does not work hard.

6. The lawyer said to his client,"We will win the case."

Ans: The lawyer told his client that they would win the case.

7. He said to me,"I am ready."

Ans: He told me that he was ready.

8. They said to us,"We have waited at the station for a long time."

Ans: They told us that they had waited at the station for a long time.

9. My brother will say,"I did not like to play cricket."

Ans: My brother will say that he did not like to play cricket.

10. Rahul said to me,"We are mortal."

Ans: Rahul told me that we are mortal.

Note: Universal truth does not change.

Interrogative Sentences

Questions start with helping verb

1. I said to the man,"Can you build a house?"

Ans: I asked the man if he could build a house.

2. Brother said to us,"Should they miss the train?"

Ans: Brother asked us if they should miss the train.

3. The man said to the guard,"Are the boys playing football in the field?"

Ans: The man asked the guard if the boys were playing football in the field.

4. The teacher said to us,"Have you seen tiger in the zoo?"

Ans: The teacher asked us if they had seen tiger in the zoo.

5. You said to his sister,"Was Veer running in the morning?"

Ans: You asked his sister if Veer had been running in the morning.

Questions start with W.H. Type

6. She said to him,"What did I say?"

Ans: She asked him what she had said.

7. Chris said to me,"What will you eat?"

Ans: Chris asked me what I would eat.

8. Derek said to me,"When did you read the book?"

Ans: Derek asked me when I had read the book.

9. Kamla said,"Who breaks it?"

Ans: Kamla asked who broke it.

10. She told me,"What do you?"

Ans: She told me what I did.

Imperative Sentences

1. The teacher said to me,"Stand up."

Ans: The teacher ordered me to stand up.

2. My friend said to me,"Go to the doctor."

Ans: My friend advised me to go to the doctor.

3. She said to me,"Please lend me your pen."

Ans: She requested to lend her my pen.

4. My father said to me,"Respect the seniors."

Ans: My father advised me to respect the seniors.

5. Your elder brother said to us,"Be smart."

Ans: Your elder brother advised us to be smart.

Imperative Negative Sentences

1. Doctor said to the patient,"Do not run in the sun."

Ans: Doctor advised the patient not to run in the sun.

Or

Doctor forbid the patient to run in the sun.

2. You said to me,"Do not try this again."

Ans: You ordered me not to try this again.

Or 

You forbid me to try this again.

3. My grandfather said to her,"Never tell a lie."

Ans: My grandfather advised her not to tell a lie.

Or 

My grandfather forbid her to tell a lie.

4. Mohit said to her daughter,"Do not drink colored water."

Ans: Mohit advised her daughter not to drink colored water.

Or

Mohit forbid her daughter to drink colored water.

5. My mother said to me,"Do not shut the door."

Ans: My mother ordered me not to shut the door.

Or

My mother forbid me to shut the door.

Optative Sentences 

1. He said to his friend,"May you live long."

Ans: He wished his friend that he might live long.

2. They said to their enemies,"May you go to hell."

Ans: They cursed their enemies that they might go to hell.

3. My friend said to me,"May god help you."

Ans: My friend prayed that god might help me.

4. He said,"Good night my brother."

Ans: He bade his brother good night.

Note: for good night and good bye, said to →  bade

5. I said to my teacher,"Good morning."

Ans: I wished my teacher good morning.

Exclamatory Sentences

1. He said,"Alas! He is no more."

Ans: He exclaimed to sorrow that he was no more.

2. They said,"What a fall it was!"

Ans: They exclaimed that a very fall it had.

3. The boys said,"Hurrah! we shall have a jolly holiday tomorrow."

Ans: The boys exclaimed with joy that they should had a jolly holiday the next day.

4. They said,"What a nice flower it is!"

Ans: They exclaimed that a very nice flower it was.

5. She said,"Oh! I lost my purse."

Ans: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse.

6. David said to him,"How intelligent you are!"

Ans: David exclaimed to him that he was very intelligent.

7. She said,"How lovely the house is!"

Ans: She exclaimed that the house was very lovely.

8. "What funny stories he tells!" She said.

Ans: She exclaimed that he told very funny stories.

9. She said,"Wow! what a beautiful flower it is!"

Ans: She exclaimed with wonder that a very beautiful flower it was.

Or

She exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful flower.

10. His father said to Ram,"Bravo!, you have done well."

Ans: His father applauded Ram saying that he had done well.

Let Us Sentences

1. He said to her,"Let us go home."

Ans: He suggested to her that they should go home.

2. He says me,"Let us went to market."

Ans: He suggested to me that we should went to market.

3. She said me,"Let us do this."

Ans: She suggested to me that we should do this.

4. The boy said to me,"Let us watch T.V."

Ans: The boy suggested to me that we should watch T.V.

5. My uncle said to her,"Let us go your house."

Ans: My uncle suggested to her that they should go her house.

Universal Truth

1. He said,"One plus one equals two."

Ans: He said that one plus one equals two.

2. Ram said to me,"The sun gives us light."

Ans: Ram told me that the sun gives us light.

3. He said to me,"The sun rises in the east."

Ans: He told me that the sun rises in the east.

4. She says me,"Failure is a gift."

Ans: She says me that failure is a gift.

5. I said to her,"The sun sets in the west."

Ans: I told her that the sun sets in the west.